BTU and kW, without the confusion

Understand cooling capacity, electrical input and the limits of room-size estimates.

Freath · Edition: 14 September 2026 · 3 min read

Two different types of power

Cooling capacity describes how much heat a unit can remove. Electrical input describes the electricity it uses. A unit with 3.5 kW of cooling capacity does not therefore automatically draw 3.5 kW of electricity.

Convert the units

1 kW of cooling is approximately 3,412 BTU/h. A 12,000 BTU/h rating therefore means roughly 3.52 kW of cooling capacity. Product names often shorten this to “BTU”; our calculations use the rate, BTU/h.

Floor area is only the starting point

Ceiling height, sun exposure, insulation, glazing and indoor heat sources all affect the load. Our calculator uses an educational assumption of 30–50 W per cubic metre, followed by a sunlight factor. It is not a sizing standard or a professional heat-load assessment.

Compare like with like

Check the test method and conditions in the technical documents. A nominal rating does not represent every loss in a real installation, including those around the window and exhaust duct. Extra rated capacity does not reliably fix poor exhaust routing.

Sources and methodology

These sources explain the technical context. They do not validate FREATH ONE or our calculator assumptions.

U.S. Department of Energy — Portable Air ConditionersOFEN / BFE — Étiquette-énergie / Energieetikette

Your questions, answered

How many kW is 12,000 BTU/h?

Approximately 3.52 kW of cooling capacity: divide 12,000 by 3,412. Electrical input is a separate figure.

Does the calculator guarantee correct sizing?

No. It gives a transparent initial estimate. Attic rooms, large glazed areas and high heat loads need a more detailed assessment.